Photo Credits & Sources
The people and resources behind the guide.
The lake and Temple of Aesculapius
Photograph from the Villa Borghese Guide project collection. It shows the Temple of Aesculapius across the lake with visitors in rowing boats.
Villa Borghese park and the Fountain of the Sea Horses
Photographs by Artur Jakucewicz, from the Villa Borghese Guide project collection. The park photograph is used on the home page; the fountain photograph accompanies its place guide.
The Borghese Gallery and Pincio Terrace
Photographs by Artur Jakucewicz, from the Villa Borghese Guide project collection. The gallery photograph shows the museum interior; the Pincio photograph shows the view toward St. Peter’s Basilica.
The National Gallery of Modern and Contemporary Art
Photograph from the Villa Borghese Guide project collection.
Casina Valadier
Photograph by Wolfgang Moroder. Original photograph on Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0. The original is preserved. Smaller WebP copies load on the page, where the display may be cropped to fit the layout.
Cinema dei Piccoli
Photograph by PastaFazzulla. Original photograph on Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. The original is preserved. Smaller WebP copies load on the page, where the display may be cropped to fit the layout.
The bust collection
Bust photographs and biographical source material come from the Villa Borghese Guide project collection. Display images are resized WebP copies; the full-photograph viewer opens the preserved originals. Where a source biography includes a Wikipedia reference, it is linked on the place page.
Maps and visitor information
Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors. The interactive map uses Leaflet.
Gallery visitor information was checked on September 7, 2026 against the official museum visitor page. Park context comes from Rome’s municipal cultural heritage service.